The invention discloses a photovoltaic power generation greenhouse capable of adjusting light transmittance. The photovoltaic power generation greenhouse comprises an eastern gable, a western gable, a pair of side walls and a lighting surface skeleton installed on the tops of the eastern gable, western gable and side walls, wherein the bottom of the lighting surface skeleton is provided with a lighting covering film, a movable photovoltaic component and a fixed photovoltaic component are arranged on the top of the lighting surface skeleton in parallel, the movable photovoltaic assembly is moved or fixed relative to the fixed photovoltaic component so as to adjust a transmitting gap between the movable photovoltaic component and the movable photovoltaic component. The photovoltaic greenhouse can initiatively change a coverage rate of the lighting surface photovoltaic component according to different external light conditions and different requirements on the plant growth, so that the photovoltaic greenhouse initiatively controls the lighting rate, the lighting design bottleneck of the existing photovoltaic greenhouse is fundamentally broken through, the maximization of the photovoltaic power generation is realized while the plant production is guaranteed, and the adaptability of the photovoltaic greenhouse to different crops and a same crop at different growth periods is also improved.