The invention relates to a temperature-sensitive-type intelligent nano particles used in a drilling fluid and a preparation method thereof. In the invention, a silane coupling agent is used for performing ultrasound surface modification to nano SiO2 and a vinyl functional group is introduced. With the surface-modified nano SiO2, a temperature-sensitive-type monomer and a hydrophilic monomer are subjected to a polymerization reaction in a water medium with a co-solvent with addition of an initiator, wherein granularity distribution of the temperature-sensitive-type intelligent nano particles is D10 <= 100 nm, D 50 <= 165 nm and D90 <= 260 nm. When the temperature is higher than a sensitive value, the nano particles achieve double functions of both physical blocking and chemical inhibition, so that a continuous compact hydrophobic blocking layer is formed inside shale, thereby achieving effects of preventing and delaying pressure transmission and filtration invasion, and further enhancing stability of a shale well wall.