The invention provides a suction wheel type broad-width precious speed distribution apparatus. The apparatus comprises a seed containing box, a seed discharging device and a seed discharging tube, the seed discharging device is a suction wheel type seed discharging device and comprises a box body, a sealing cover, an inner core and a seed discharging opening, the bottom of the seed discharging device is fixedly provided with a baffle block, the inner core is cylindrical in shape, a driving shaft traverses through the inner core, recessed round pits are uniformly distributed on the external surface of the inner core, the recessed round pits are distributed in a five-in-line and six-in-line interval manner, the seed discharging tube is arc-shaped, and the arc angle is not smaller than 40DEG and not greater than 50DEG. When the apparatus works, a negative pressure is generated in the seed discharging device through a high speed fan, seeds are adsorbed in recessed round pits under the action of below air suction holes and rotate with the inner core, the suction force to the seeds decreases and even disappears when the seeds rotate to the fixed hollow baffle block under the seed discharging device, the seeds depart from the recessed round pits under the action of a seed scraper and enter the seed discharging tube, and the seed discharging tube is arc-shaped and has a certain angle to the ground, so the falling speed of the seeds is reduced, deviation from sowing points due to bouncing after seed falling to the ground is avoided, and the sowing precision is improved.