The invention provides vehicle spontaneous combustion fire-fighting and dry powder collecting equipment. The vehicle spontaneous combustion fire-fighting and dry powder collecting equipment comprises an electromagnetic valve for an engine fire extinguisher, a telescopic cylinder, a powder spraying pipe, a fixed spray nozzle with a temperature sensor and a smoke sensor, a hand-held spray nozzle, a hand-held spray nozzle fixing rack, a connecting pipeline, a dust collector dust collection head, a dust collection head placement support, a dust collector shell, a dust collecting box, a dust collection pump, a pipe coil placement plate, a moving box and a dry powder extinguisher placement bracket. According to the vehicle spontaneous combustion fire-fighting and dry powder collecting equipment and working modes thereof, corresponding fire extinguishing equipment is arranged in an engine cabin and in the proper position of a column A; fire control over automobile spontaneous combustion can be effectively performed; the dry powder extinguisher placement bracket and a dust collector are put at the bottom of a co-driver part so that fire extinguishment can be achieved through dry powder, and the cost is low; besides, the dry powder can be collected, so that secondary pollution is prevented; part of dry powder can be recycled, so that the cost is reduced; moreover, the two working modes are designed for the conditions whether an automobile is in a driving state or not, and therefore the condition that an oil-way power supply is suddenly cut off is prevented.