The invention provides a method for guaranteeing the position accuracy of cooling wall water pipe protective sleeves and a casting model. The method includes the step that mechanically-machined metal one-piece positioning sleeves are inlaid to the portions below the water pipe protective sleeve casting-into positions, determined according to the size of the drawing of a cooling wall, in a wood cooling wall model body and a base plate, wherein the number of positioning holes in the positioning sleeves is determined according to the number of the cast water pipe protective sleeves in the drawing of the cooling wall, positioning rods used for fixing the positions of the protective sleeves are inserted into the positioning holes, and an appearance model is made of cold hardening resin sand. According to the method and the casting model, the deviation of the transverse positions of the cast water pipe protective sleeves serving as cooling wall casting products is reduced to be lowest, and as the metal positioning sleeves are high in size accuracy and good in installation stability, the size deviation of the longitudinal positions of the water pipe protective sleeves can meet the technical requirement for the cooling wall products; and 100% qualification is achieved in hole drilling detection of a whole sample plate. A large quantity of waste products are reduced, the quality accuracy of the products is improved, the production efficiency is improved, energy is saved, and consumption is reduced.