The invention discloses a rapidly degradable bridge plug with a degradation-promoting central pipe, comprising the central pipe, a first slip base, a first slip, a first cone, a rubber cylinder, a second cone, a second slip, a second slip base, a guide seal, a push cylinder sleeve, a pull rod and a presser block. The central pipe comprises a body, a catalyst cylinder and a plug; all of the central pipe, the first slip base, the first cone, the second cone, the second slip base and the guide seal are made of degradable materials; a catalyst in the catalyst cylinder accelerates decomposition of the degradable materials; by using the bridge plug made of the degradable materials, degradation of the bridge plug is accelerated under the decomposition acceleration action of the catalyst; the bridge plug is reasonable in structure; the degrading speed in oil, low-temperature or low-salinity water environments is satisfied; before production, no plug drilling or fishing is required, and operating efficiency is improved.