The invention relates to an acquisition, storage and analysis system of neutron spectrometer. The system comprises a data acquisition, storage and analysis unit and a data processing unit, the data acquisition, storage and analysis unit acquires pulse information of a radiation field to be tested, stores the pulse information and then transmits the pulse information to the data processing unit, the data processing unit comprises a real-time processing and offline reconstruction data processing module, the maximum amplitude of pulse is obtained in a continuous sampling mode of the data acquisition, storage and analysis unit and a module trigger mode of the real-time processing and offline reconstruction data processing module, and the pulse amplitude spectrum of neutron or gamma ray is obtained via a neutron window or gamma ray window selected from an attenuation time spectrum. The system solves the problems that an analog nuclear spectrometer is high in counting rate and long in dead time and a dynamic system of an analysis system needs to be corrected, as well as that a digital spectrometer cannot realize complex mathematic logic operation, offline pulse construction and particle discrimination algorithm.