The invention discloses a power transmission tower pole stress calculation method based on finite element analysis. The power transmission tower pole stress calculation method comprises the following steps: establishing a finite element mechanical model of a tower structure by utilizing a finite element method, and carrying out discretization of an integral structure according to the composition of the tower structure; generating an element rigidity matrix for each element, and overlapping the element rigidity matrixes to generate an integral rigidity matrix in combination with a space angle relationship and a connection relationship among various poles in the tower structure; then, generating a load array according to a load borne by the tower, and constituting a matrix equation by a node displacement array as an unknown quantity, the integral rigidity matrix and the load array; finally, acquiring a node strain by solving the matrix equation, and finally acquiring the stress of each pole in the tower structure. According to the power transmission tower pole stress calculation method, the power transmission tower pole stress is accurately solved directly by a mathematical method, and a scientific basis is provided for safety evaluation of the tower structure.