The invention discloses a DSRC (Dedicated Short Range Communications) charging method and system based on a mobile terminal. The method comprises the steps of: a terminal regularly obtaining the position information of the terminal to generate the movement locus information of the terminal; according to the movement locus information, the terminal determining whether a vehicle enters a preset road, and sending the movement locus information to an ETC (Electronic Toll Collection) center control unit if the vehicle enters a preset road; the ETC center control unit conducting a transaction with the vehicular unit of the vehicle when receiving the movement locus information; and the ETC center control unit sending the transaction information to a toll station when the transaction is finished, so as to allow the allow the toll station to release the vehicle according to the transaction information. The system comprises a vehicle unit, a mobile terminal and an ETC center control unit. The method and system can fully realize sectional fare and fare in advance, increase ETC charging efficiency, facilitate vehicle traffic, and are compatible with present ETC charging lanes and electronic labels.