The invention discloses an anti-dandruff shampoo capable of repairing a scalp microecological system, wherein the anti-dandruff shampoo consists of (A) 0.5075-10.045% of a bacteriostatic and anti-dandruff agent compound in terms of the weight of the composition, (B) 1.56-10.2% of a scalp cuticle repairing compound in terms of the weight of the composition, (C) 0.1-2.0% of a water-soluble cationic conditioner in terms of the weight of the composition, (D) a citric acid/sodium citrate buffer agent which is 5.4-6.6 in pH value, and (E) other water-soluble carriers acceptable to cosmetics. The anti-dandruff cleaning composition disclosed by the invention can be directly used for cleaning the scalp, and can be represented in the forms of spray, shampoo, a hair conditioner, a scalp nursing product and the like. The anti-dandruff composition disclosed by the invention is capable of reconstructing scalp flora balance, keeping the barrier function of the scalp cuticle and repairing scalp microecological system, so as to achieve long-acting and recurrence-preventing anti-dandruff and antipruritic functions; and the shampoo is applicable to both dry dandruff and oily dandruff symptoms.