The present invention provides an oil, aviation bio-fuel component and a preparation method of aviation bio-fuel component by using Aleurites montana seeds. The method comprises the specific steps of: peeling the shells of Aleurites montana seeds to obtain kernels; squeezing the kernels to obtain crude oil; subjecting the crude oil to extrusion filtration and impurity removal to obtain refined oil; and subjecting the refined oil to catalytic hydrogenation and separation to obtain the main product of aviation bio-fuel component. The aviation biofuel component prepared by the present invention has composition and properties very similar to those of conventional jet fuel, is high in calorific value, environmentally friendly, renewable, and free of aromatics, olefins and sulfur. The raw materials are cheap and easy to get; the production process is simple, and by-products can be used effectively, so as to greatly reduce the production cost of aviation biofuel and is in favor of large-scale production.