The invention discloses a power transmission line ice-melting decision method based on a shortest path algorithm and 0/1 decision. The method comprises the following steps: 1) dividing an icing line area; 2) calculating ice-melting time of each team for a single icing line; 3) calculating required time from each team to each substation of the icing area; 4) calculating required time from one substation to another substation in the same icing area of each team; 5) calculating the shortest ice-melting time of each team in all icing lines of the icing area; 6) establishing a power transmission line shortest ice-melting time decision-making model; and 7) calculating the shortest ice-melting time and outputting an ice-melting decision scheme. The power transmission line ice-melting decision method can quickly and effectively make a full-network icing line decision-making method, so that ice-melting time is reduced, and operability is high; and the problems that a power transmission line ice-melting decision is mainly made by human experience, and the decision-making time is long and risk of decision making is large under the conditions of multi-lines and complex working condition are solved.