The invention relates to a power grid remote intelligent monitoring system based on Beidou short message communication and a monitoring method. The monitoring system comprises a power grid online monitoring sensor, a control processing module based on an FPGA, a monitoring end Beidou short message communicator, a Beidou satellite, a monitoring end Beidou short message communicator and a power grid monitoring center host. The monitoring method comprises the steps of (1) obtaining power grid online monitoring data; (2) online monitoring and controlling system monitoring the working status of an end device; and (3) a remote configuration and monitoring system monitoring parameters of the end device. The invention, without the transformation of an existing power grid online monitoring sensor and a power grid monitoring and control host, the invention makes use of the dual communication function of a Beidou short message for real-time remote monitoring of a power grid in plateau regions, mountainous areas and the like where communication is inconvenient, and the invention has the advantages of being easy to operate and user-friendly and facilitating the saving of manpower, material and financial resources.