The invention discloses a circular seam type high temperature heat exchanger comprising a lower heat exchanger, an upper heat exchanger, a damping wind segment and a smoke evacuation segment sequentially connected from bottom to top by flanges, wherein the bottom of the lower heat exchanger is provided with a cold air inlet and sleeves on a vertical flue of a melting furnace, the bottom of the upper heat exchanger is provided with a hot air outlet, the top of the upper heat exchanger is connected with a counterweight system, the damping wind segment is provided with a damping wind inlet, and the bottom of the smoke evacuation segment is connected with the top of the damping wind segment. The lower heat exchanger, the upper heat exchanger, the damping wind segment and the smoke evacuation segment all use two-layer telescopic heat exchange structure including inner and outer sleeves, wherein the outer wall of the inner sleeve is fixed with a spiral heat conduction strip. A gap is maintained between the spiral heat conduction strip and the outer sleeve, and the expanded spiral heat conduction strip clings closely to the inner wall of the outer sleeve. The high temperature heat exchanger has advantages of long service life, high heat exchange efficiency, energy saving and environmental friendly.