The invention discloses a device for measuring and controlling asphalt paved on a bridge floor. The device comprises a steel pipe, a telescoping mechanism and a height regulating mechanism, wherein the upper end of the steel pipe is bent to form a rectangular tank; the telescoping mechanism is mounted at the tail end of the rectangular tank and used for fixing the device on a collision resistant pier of a bridge; the height regulating mechanism is mounted at the middle part of the steel pipe and can regulate the elevation of the steel rope up and down. The device disclosed by the invention can conveniently and accurately control the paving thickness and the flatness of the asphalt paved on the bridge floor.