The invention discloses a device for analyzing and testing pollutant migration and transformation of a filtration system, and relates to a device for filtering and purifying sewage by means of matrixes. The device comprises a box, a base, samplers, a water distribution pipe, water collection pipes, a water dispersion pipe, impermeable water vessels, a ceramic permeable connector and a control valve; the upper end of the box is provided with an opening, the lower end of the box is closed and located on the base, the box is divided into an upper box body, a middle box body and a lower box body, and the middles of the upper box body, the middle box body and the lower box body are fixedly connected through flanges; the three side faces of the box are provided with multiple reserved openings, and the reserved openings are closed by rubber plugs or provided with sensors and the samplers; the water distribution pipe is arranged in the box and vertically connected to the middle of the water dispersion pipe, the pipe wall of the water dispersion pipe is evenly provided with multiple fine holes, and the impermeable water vessels are arranged below the water dispersion pipe and laid on the matrixes filled in the box. According to the device, the pollutant migration and transformation process can be analyzed by continuously monitoring the soil water potential and water content in the filtration system.