The invention discloses an improved particle swarm algorithm based distribution network reconfiguration method, comprising: establishing a distribution network reconfiguration model with a goal for minimizing network loss; constructing a scene library for storing particles, wherein each particle in the scene library corresponds to one distribution network reconfiguration model; randomly generating a particle swarm and positioning each particle in a coding manner; calculating the fitness of each particle and updating the position and speed of each particle; optimizing the scene library; and if an end condition is met, ending the update, or otherwise, returning to the step (4). Through the particle swarm optimization algorithm, the availability of calculation and the optimization capability of the algorithm are improved, so that the problem of distribution network reconfiguration with the goal for reducing the network loss is effectively solved.