The invention discloses a reactive voltage distribution type optimization control system and a method. The reactive voltage distribution type optimization control system comprises a main network AVC control system, a distribution network AVC control main station and a distributed AVC control substation; the main network AVC control system is in communication with the distribution network AVC control main station; the distribution network AVC control main station and the distributed AVC control substation are in communication; and the distributed AVC control substation is in communication with the reactive voltage device inside a transformer substation and the reactive voltage device on the feed line. The invention can realize the layered and distributed control of the main power network and the distribution power network through the coordination between the main station in a deployment center and the substations of various transformer substations, can guarantee the voltage qualified rate on the low voltage side of the distribution transformer, and can realize reactive on-site balance and layered balance.