The invention relates to a universal error prevention clamp for disc brake caliper shells. The universal error prevention clamp comprises an error prevention positioning device, elastic pre-clamping devices and hydraulic linkage clamping devices. The error prevention positioning device comprises an air pressure error prevention device arranged on a three-point positioning seat below a workpiece, elastic plunger error prevention devices arranged on left and right supports at the front end of the workpiece and a lateral movement positioning device arranged on a positioning seat on the right side of the workpiece, and positioning error prevention is achieved by detecting air pressure and stretching and retracting amount of elastic plungers. The elastic pre-clamping devices are arranged on the two sides of the workpiece and stabilize the workpiece with small elastic pressure so as to facilitate subsequent positioning and clamping. The four hydraulic linkage clamping devices are arranged on the upper surface of the front end of the workpiece, the upper surface of the rear end of the workpiece, the right side of the workpiece and the front end face of the workpiece respectively and used for preventing the workpiece from moving or warping and performing clamping in the vertical, front-and-back and left-and-right directions. The universal error prevention clamp can be used for machining a series of vehicle disc brake caliper shells, kinds of brake calipers of the same series can be machined just by replacing a quick-release base plate, installation and positioning components and other clamp components, the cost can be lowered, and high-quality workpieces can be efficiently machined.