The invention discloses a cable-stayed bridge steel-concrete combined cable and beam anchoring structure. The anchoring structure comprises rectangular steel pipes, reinforcing rib assemblies, a concrete structure and anchoring plates, wherein the reinforcing rib assemblies are distributed in the rectangular steel pipes, concrete with which the rectangular steel pipes are filled forms the concrete structure through pouring, the anchoring plates are distributed on the rectangular steel pipes, and the rectangular steel pipes, the reinforcing rib assemblies and the concrete structure form reinforcing type steel pipe concrete components. The rectangular steel pipes are distributed in the longitudinal bridge direction and are each formed by splicing a top plate, a bottom plate and two side plates. Each reinforcing rib assembly comprises a plurality of upper-opening reinforcing ribs fixed to the bottom of the corresponding top plate from left to right and a plurality of lower-opening reinforcing ribs fixed to the upper portion of the corresponding bottom plate from left to right. The anchoring structure is simple in structure, reasonable in design, convenient to construct and good in use effect; by combining the rectangular steel pipe concrete structure, provided with the reinforcing ribs, with a traditional anchoring plate, on the premise that reasonable force bearing and reliable force transmitting are ensured, the pressure bearing requirement of the horizontal component of a cable-stayed bridge is met, and the fatigue performance of cable and beam anchoring parts can be easily improved.