The invention discloses a three-component motor vehicle exhaust remote detection device. The device comprises an infrared light source, an air chamber, a quarternary infrared detector, an air chamber length adjustment signal module, a signal conditioning module, an A/D conversion module, a light source driving module, a signal processing module and a first wireless data transmission module; the infrared light source emits infrared light, and the infrared light enters the quarternary infrared detector through the air chamber; the quarternary infrared detector is connected with the signal processing module through the signal conditioning module and the A/D conversion module in sequence; the air chamber length adjustment signal module is arranged in the air chamber; the air chamber length adjustment signal module is connected with the signal processing module through the A/D conversion module; the signal processing module is connected with the infrared light source through the light source driving module; the signal processing module is connected with the first wireless data transmission module. By means of the three-component motor vehicle exhaust remote detection device, remote detection can be conducted on motor vehicle exhaust.