The invention relates to a flexible optical network anycast business energy-saving routing method based on resource perception, and belongs to the technical field of optical fiber communication. According to the method, an anycast business data center selection mechanism based on resource perception is adopted firstly, a data center with the highest resource available matching degree is selected for business by the mechanism according to the anycast business resource demands and data center available resources, and "equal" allocation of the data center resources is realized to some extent; furthermore, a dredge-based green and energy-saving routing and frequency spectrum allocation strategy realizing transmission from the data center to request users is adopted, electric layer dredging is selected for anycast business by the strategy for priority , then optical layer dredging is selected secondarily, and business is enabled to find a transmission optical path with the minimum energy consumption by the routing strategy with fusion of multipath and single paths so that link frequency spectrum utilization rate can be enhanced and network blocking rate can be further reduced. Frequency spectrum flexible optical network service quality can be effectively enhanced and network energy consumption can be reduced by fusion of the data center selection mechanism and the green and energy-saving routing and frequency spectrum allocation strategy.