The invention relates to a battery safety assessment method, including the following steps of (1), charging a micro short circuit battery A and a normal battery B with y-times rated current I; (2), monitoring the temperature at each position of the two batteries in the charging process, selecting the highest temperature Tax of the micro short circuit battery A and the temperature TBx of the normal battery B at a corresponding position, and determining the difference between the Tax and the TBx, or monitoring calorific values QA and QB of the two batteries, and determining the difference between QA and QB; (3), increasing the current I, repeating steps (2) and (3) until the difference meets the requirement, then stopping the test, and recording reference current Imax at this moment, and the reference temperature or reference caloric value of the normal battery B at a corresponding position; and (4) testing a to-be-tested battery using the reference current Imax, recording the temperature T or caloric value Q at the corresponding position, and determining the to-be-tested battery as an unqualified battery if the difference between the temperature of the to-be-tested battery and the reference temperature or the difference between the caloric value of the to-be-tested battery and the reference caloric value meets the requirement. The method can quickly screen out the unqualified battery and effectively prevent safety problems caused by the unqualified battery.