The invention discloses a distributed job scheduling method suitable for a heterogeneous computational capability cluster. The method comprises the following five steps: (1) automatic discovery of node resources, wherein each node in the cluster transmits resource information to a network in a form of a multicast message; and a scheduler receives the multicast message and automatically discovers cluster nodes; (2) a job scheduling mechanism based on first input first output (FIFO) and resource utilization maximization; (3) a data set-based dynamic rescheduling mechanism, wherein a job manager dynamically adjusts the data sets of various tasks; (4) a delay scheduling mechanism, wherein partial tasks of the job are deployed on all nodes; and the remaining tasks are submitted to a delay queue to be scheduled; and (5) use of a redundant mutual preparation mechanism, wherein the scheduler deploys a backup task for each task to ensure that the backup task still can provide a computation result after the task is in a fault or off-line. According to the distributed job scheduling method, the distributed processing capacity of the cluster is improved; the resource utilization rate of the system is improved; and the job processing reliability is ensured.