The invention provides a same-type PXI test module identification method, comprising the following steps of: programming a device serial number for a register unused in a control chip external serial EEPROM of a module device; performing operation on specific I/O space of a local computer to drive a PCI bridge circuit to be converted to operation on configuration space of the module device, performing matching on user setting information, and storing configuration address port information matched with the module device; and reading a device serial number of a storage module, performing matching on the user setting information, identifying same-type modules, and reversely obtaining a module control handle. According to the method, the attributes of a manufacturer ID and a device ID of a PCI configuration register and the device serial number programmed in the register of the control chip external serial EEPROM are taken as module identification information, the module device is opened once only in the module identification process and the module handle is reversely obtained, so that the efficiency is high; and the device serial number is programmed for the module, so that module accessioning management can be realized and project development management is facilitated.