The invention discloses an adjustable cable shielding layer peeling device, and relates to the technical field of peeling of a cable shielding layer. The adjustable cable shielding layer peeling device comprises a peeling device body, a cutter and a vertically-lifting cable position adjustment device, wherein a wire hole is arranged on the peeling device body, the cutter is arranged at the upper part of the wire hole, and the vertically-lifting cable position adjustment device is arranged at the lower part of the wire hole. The adjustable cable shielding layer peeling device is simple in structure and is convenient to operate, and the working efficiency is improved; and on the condition that an insulation layer is not damaged, the cable shielding layer can be peeled off better, and the working performance of a cable is ensured.