The invention discloses a power line carrier based distributed control system for magnetron power sources. The system includes an upper computer and a magnetron management module, wherein the upper computer is used for monitoring working states of the magnetron power sources and performing remote control; and the magnetron management module is in communication with the upper computer and is used for supervisory control and for collecting temperature, humidity, anode current, cathode current, filament voltage, filament current and electromagnet current of the magnetrons. According to the invention, low-voltage broadband power line carrier technology is utilized and the working frequency range is 1-40 MHz, so that low-frequency interference is avoided effectively and reliable data transmission with a transmission range of 200 to 300 m can be realized. The system can meet power control demands of magnetrons in a single microwave device. No separate wiring is needed and the system has advantages of being easy in execution and adjustment, comparatively small in operation maintenance load, good in data security and large in bandwidth.