The invention provides a protection control method for cable line fault isolation and self-recovery of a 10kV power distribution network and intelligent complete equipment. A power distribution network structure is decomposed into various sub-region power distribution networks; topological structure information of each sub-region power distribution network is automatically generated through a global position system (GPS) positioning technology; an intelligent decision center is arranged in each sub-region power distribution network and carries out information security exchange with other equipment in the regions through a private radio communication network; analysis and judgment are carried out according to the topological structures and distributed algorithms of the regions and a transient component analysis method; a fault region is determined; and isolation and electric restoration of the fault region are finished, so that the power cable feeder network automation level can be greatly improved; various faults can be rapidly cut and isolated; and rapid electric restoration of a non-fault region is achieved.