The invention discloses a direct coal liquefaction residue-modified asphalt mixture, which is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 91 to 95 percent of aggregate, 1.5 to 4 percent of mineral powder and 3 to 5 percent of direct coal liquefaction residue-modified asphalt. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the direct coal liquefaction residue-modified asphalt mixture, and the steps of preparation are as follows in sequence: preparing direct coal liquefaction residue-modified asphalt; pre-processing the direct coal liquefaction residue-modified asphalt, the aggregate and the mineral powder; blending direct coal liquefaction residue-modified asphalt of different amounts with the aggregate, and adding mineral powder for blending, so as to prepare a direct coal liquefaction residue-modified asphalt mixture; determining the optimal amount of the direct coal liquefaction residue-modified asphalt through comprehensive evaluation; blending the direct coal liquefaction residue-modified asphalt of the optimal amount with the aggregate, and adding the mineral powder for blending, so as to prepare the direct coal liquefaction residue-modified asphalt mixture. By adopting the technical scheme provided by the invention, direct coal liquefaction residue can be changed from waste into wealth, and obvious economic benefit and social benefit are achieved.