The invention relates to an electromagnetic environment parameter prediction method based on data segmentation and model calibration. The method belongs to the technical field of power system electromagnetic environment protection. The method mainly comprises: randomly dividing data obtained from measurement of an electromagnetic environment of a power transmission line into three blocks of the same size; conducting model fitting of different independent variable combinations on the first block of data and obtaining the independent variable combination with the minimum prediction error and a preliminary prediction model; applying the preliminary prediction model into the second block of data for correction, correcting each coefficient and constant of the model, and obtaining a prediction model to be verified; and finally, applying the to-be-verified model to the third block of data for testing. If the final prediction error and other statistical test indices satisfy requirements, the model is applicable for electromagnetic environment prediction of the power transmission line. The method can predict power transmission line electromagnetic environment parameters conveniently, effectively and reliably. The prediction results can be applied to many fields such as power transmission and transformation engineering design, optimization, electromagnetic environment protection, etc.