The invention discloses a defect elimination database establishment method which is sued for a transformer substation defect real-time study and determination system. The defect elimination database establishment method comprises the steps that a transformer substation defect equipment type is determined according to fault information, and whether the fault type corresponding to the fault information exists in the fault type corresponding to the equipment type is judged; if the judgment result is no, saving technical personnel record the defect elimination process of the fault type and the defect elimination equipment type used in the defect elimination process; and a mapping association relation is established between the fault type and the defect elimination process and the defect elimination equipment type. According to the method, data support can be provided for the transformer substation defect real-time study and determination system, and efficiency of transformer substation first-aid repair and defect elimination can be enhanced. The invention also discloses a defect elimination database establishment system.