The invention, which belongs to the network structure field of the multi-core server, provides a load balancing and preparsing method of a network data packet. The method comprises: step one, a switch chip is arranged in a multi-core server; step two, after a data packet enters the switch chip through an external interface, the data packet is distributed into two MPIPEs on average; step three, each MPIPE forwards the data packet to a corresponding TILERA CPU and preparsing is carried out; step four, a library function is invoked at each TILERA CPU and a data packet processing thread is established; step fiver, a TILERA CPU core is bound to each data packet processing thread; step six, preparsing results are distributed to the corresponding data packet processing threads; and step seven, all data packet processing threads receive the data packets based on the library functions and preparsing results are obtained, and a source IP and a target IP are stored. The method has the following advantages: load balancing of all TILERA CPUs is realized with the switch chip and the MPIPEs; and for the processing threads, data packet parsing is not needed and only the focused data packet domain is processed. Moreover, the operation becomes simple and convenient; and the processing capability of the data packet is improved.