The invention discloses a characteristic pattern recognition algorithm for a partial discharge spectrum based on Gauss parameter fitting. The algorithm comprises a) the partial discharge spectrum in the partial discharge process to be measured is obtained; b) based on the obtained partial discharge spectrum, the distance between the to-be-identified characteristic quantity of partial discharge and the standard characteristic quantity of partial discharge in the partial discharge process to be measured is obtained via a Gaussian function; and c) based on the obtained distance, an identification result of the partial discharge mode is obtained and output. The characteristic pattern recognition algorithm can overcome the defects that in the prior art, the anti-interference capability is low, the identification difficulty is high and the reliability is low, and has the advantages of high anti-interference capability, low identification difficulty and high reliability.