The invention relates to an expedition ship real-time monitoring data processing and monitoring system and method in an extreme environment. The system comprises a data cleaning module, a data filtering module, an interpolation fitting module which is used for using an interpolation fitting method to carry out interpolation fitting on a feature point to optimize a track showing effect, a real-time monitoring module which is used for monitoring the real-time track and the ship information of an expedition ship. According to the expedition ship real-time monitoring data processing and monitoring system and method in the extreme environment, dirty data are cleaned by a data automatic repair algorithm and stored, which conforms to business logic and ensures the data accuracy; an expedition ship real-time monitoring database is screened; critical points and feature points of the expedition ship track are maintained; the system is real-time, and at the same time network transmission and data processing pressure are significantly reduced; based on a Bezier curve, local interpolation fitting is carried out on feature point data; the visualization effect of the system is improved; and the application range is wide.