The invention discloses a nuclear fuel component repair monitoring system for monitoring of nuclear fuel rod replacement work; a data acquisition module is connected with a pulling force sensor mounted on a nuclear fuel rod thrusting tool and a wire drawing encoder mounted on a new fuel elevator and is used for processing pulling force data detected by the pulling force sensor and height data detected by the wire drawing encoder to obtain pulling force data and height data; when the pulling force data and the height data exceed preset values, an alarm is given to timely remind an operator of a fault, so that the operator can complete the entire monitoring work by the nuclear fuel component repair monitoring system; operation is simple, operation safety is good and the repair efficiency is high.