The invention discloses an adaptive current protection method for a power distribution network including a high-permeability distributed power supply. The method comprises the following steps: performing Thevenin equivalence on the distributed power supply; acquiring current and voltage information of a distributed power supply grid connection point; calculating an equivalent impedance of the distributed power supply in real time through fault current and voltage components of the distributed power supply grid connection point in the case of a fault; and putting the equivalent impedance into a setting valve calculation formula to calculate a protected setting value in real time. Through adoption of the adaptive current protection method, influences on current protection caused by access of the distributed power supply to the power distribution network can be effectively eliminated, and the situation that a protection range of the current protection changes along with the change of an access capacity of the distributed power supply is avoided. The adaptive current protection method has important significance in ensuring correct actions of the current protection under the situation of the power distribution network to which the high-permeability distributed power supply accesses.