The invention discloses a method and a system for damage repair of a tube plate and a caulk weld of a steam generator of a nuclear power station, and solves the technical problem that a conventional SG site repair technology cannot completely eliminate the influence of foreign object damage on SG. The method comprises the following steps: S1, conducting foreign object damage inspection on the tube plate and the caulk weld to obtain damage inspection data; S2, calculating the damage inspection data to obtain damage calculation data of the tube plate and the caulk weld; S3, conducting damage repair on the tube plate and the caulk weld based on the damage calculation data; and S4, after damage repair is finished, conducting repair inspection on the tube plate and the caulk weld to ensure that the repaired tube plate and the repaired caulk weld meet the equipment code requirement. Through the adoption of the method and the system, that the size of the repaired caulk weld meets the requirement is ensured, and a hardened layer and a stress corrosion risk can be eliminated.