The invention discloses a device and method for processing surface texture through micro-abrasive multiphase jetting. The device comprises an X-Y movable platform, a Z-axis lifting platform, a nozzle vertically installed on the Z-axis lifting platform, an air source module and an abrasive supply module. To process the surface texture, the method includes the steps that firstly, micro-abrasive and water are mixed and evenly blended, then an abrasive solution is accelerated to form multiphase jetting through compressed air, and processing on the surface texture is finished by cooperation of a mask plate and the movable platform. The device and method inherit the characteristics of the micro-abrasive gas jetting processing technology which is wide in applicable material range, free of heat affected zones, small in reactive force and the like, abrasive can be recycled, and air pollution is avoided. Meanwhile, a better processing effect can be obtained by means of the buffer and lubrication effects of water.