Embodiments of the invention disclose a method for treatment of acrylic acid-containing wastewater and resource. The method comprises: adjusting the pH value of acrylic acid-containing wastewater to 1-5, carrying out distillation, collecting the distillate, and stopping the distillation when the volume of the distillation residue achieves 5-20% of the volume of the original acrylic acid-containing wastewater; adding urea to the distillate, carrying out a reaction for 1-24 h at a temperature of 20-50 DEG C, and carrying out first filtration treatment after completing the reaction to obtain a first filtrate; adding sodium bisulfite to the first filtrate, carrying out a reaction for 5-30 min at a temperature of 20-50 DEG C, carrying out second filtration treatment after completing the reaction to obtain a second filtrate, and extracting acetic acid in the second filtrate with an extractant to obtain the extraction phase and the raffinate; recovering the acetic acid in the extraction phase; and drying the distillation residue, carrying out adhesion curing with a water-soluble phenolic resin, and carrying out alkali activation to prepare the heavy metal adsorption resin.