The invention relates to a method for evaluating bonding strength and durability between layers of an asphalt road, belonging to the technical field of road construction and maintenance. According to the evaluation method, a 45-degree bias-cutting test piece and a cylindrical test piece are respectively formed, the maximum failure loads at 25 DEG C, 40 DEG C and 60 DEG C are respectively measured at the loading rate of 50mm/min, and the shear strength value can be calculated, so that the shearing strength ratio can be obtained. The bias-cutting test piece can be loaded according to a certain fixed value which is 0.2-0.7 time of that of the maximum failure load, loading is carried out by adopting a haversine waveform, the loading frequency is 10Hz, loading is carried out for multiple times repeatedly until the test piece is damaged, and the corresponding loading times when the test piece is damaged is the structure life in the stress level. The evaluation method is simple to operate and has great significance on evaluation on the bonding anti-shearing performance between layers of the asphalt road.