The invention discloses a digital electric energy measurement performance detection and tracing method and a closed-loop system. An A/D converter is implanted in a digital standard electric energy meter, the digital standard electric energy meter becomes a digital and analog measurement device, and a D/A converter is implanted in a virtual power standard source, and the virtual power standard source becomes a digital and analog measurement device. Digital measurement performance detection and upward tracing are carried out on the digital electric energy meter. A complete and closed-loop measurement and tracing system is provided for digital electric energy measurement, a measurement criterion followed during a detection (standard transfer) measurement process and a standard tracing measurement process are explained, and blankness in the technical field of digital electric energy measurement is filled.