The invention discloses a monopole type photovoltaic power generation system maximum power tracking method based on a monkey algorithm. A control method is used for controlling a monopole type grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system, and the monopole type photovoltaic power generation system maximum power tracking method comprises the steps of obtaining the open-circuit voltage of a photovoltaic array and the open-circuit voltage of a photovoltaic module; initializing monkeys; conducting climbing process processing, conducting looking process processing, conducting jumping process processing, and outputting the position of a monkey king at the moment, namely the voltage corresponding to the maximum power point. According to the monopole type photovoltaic power generation system maximum power tracking method, the population search scope is changed through climbing, looking and jumping processes, the system can track the global maximum power point accurately under the shadow condition, and the algorithm is prevented from running into local optimum. A false-gradient iterative method is adopted, the global maximum power point can be tracked rapidly, and the convergence rate of the algorithm is raised. A smaller step size in search at the maximum power point is adopted, system oscillation at the maximum power point is lowered, power consumption is lowered, and system operation efficiency is improved.