The invention provides a light field illuminating method, device and system. The method includes: determining, based on position and angle of rays emitted from a projector and focal length of a lens, position and angle of projection rays obtained after the emitted rays being transmitted through a lens array; determining, based on position and angle of projection rays and light probe array of sampled scene, brightness value of projection rays; converting, based on brightness transfer function of projector, brightness value of projection rays into pixel value of projection input image, generating projection input image based on pixel value of projected input image; and performing light field illumination on target object with projection input image. A projector and a lens array are adopted to achieve light field illumination, so that pixel-level accurate lighting control can be achieved, and various complicated light field environments can be simulated vividly in practical scenario.