The invention discloses a spent lead-acid storage battery separating and collecting device and method, which are used for separating a cut upper cover from a battery jar, wherein an upper cover push device is arranged next to a cutting position; a rotating vibration device is arranged below the upper cover push device and comprises a clamping mechanism and a rotating mechanism; the clamping mechanism can be connected to the rotating mechanism along the vertical direction in a reciprocating vibration manner; the bottom of the rotating mechanism is assembled on a horizontal conveyer at the lower part; the rotating mechanism can horizontally move along with the horizontal conveyer along a rack; the rotating vibration device can horizontally move after clamping the battery jar, and then rotates 180 degrees, so that a notch of the battery jar is downward; a pole group and a dilute sulfuric acid solution can be relatively effectively separated by joint action of three modes, namely a horizontal rotating impact, a spring vibration and an air cylinder movement; the spent lead-acid storage battery separating and collecting device is friendly to environment, simple in structure, convenient to operate and easy to control; and a physical separation can be efficiently carried out on cut and separated lead-acid storage battery.