The invention discloses a hydraulic control system and a hybrid electric vehicle. The hydraulic control system comprises a gear selecting and shifting unit, a clutch unit and a power unit used for driving the gear selecting and shifting unit and the clutch unit. The gear selecting and shifting unit comprises a gear selecting device and a gear shifting device. The clutch unit comprises an engine clutch device connected with an engine and an electromotor clutch device connected with an electromotor. The power unit comprises an oil storage tank and an energy accumulator connected with the oil storage tank. An oil pump motor and an oil pump are arranged between the oil storage tank and the energy accumulator. The hydraulic control system and the hybrid electric vehicle have following beneficial effects: a simple and compact structure is obtained at quick responsive speed; precision and stability of a hydraulic cylinder and a control device are enhanced; multiple working modes including a hybrid electric mode or an all-electric mode of the vehicle are realized; and control of a six-gear or seven-gear gearbox is achieved.