The invention provides a preparation method for a hydration heat control material of starch-based cement. The method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing dextrin, starch and mixed dicarboxylic anhydride in a high-speed stirring mixer; performing melt extrusion on a mixture via a double-screw extruder, and crushing and sieving the mixture to obtain a product namely the hydration heat control material of the starch-based cement. The method has a simple and efficient process, the reaction time is greatly shortened, the usage of a solvent is avoided in a preparation process, and the harm to the environment caused by wastes is reduced. According to the hydration heat control material prepared through the method, the heat release rates of a hydration acceleration period and a hydration deceleration period can be greatly reduced, and the peak values of the hydration heat release rates can be effectively decreased by over 80 percent including 80 percent, thereby being different from a conventional retarder which greatly delays a hydration induction period.