The invention provides a communication method based on a communication protocol stack capable of being assembled. The method includes the steps of: constructing protocols to form protocol modules, and putting the protocol modules into a protocol module library; extracting the required protocol modules from the protocol module library, and then assembling the extracted protocol modules to form a communication protocol stack; installing the communication protocol stack obtained by assembling to protocol stack running equipment; and adopting the installed protocol stack to complete data communication by an application on the protocol stack running equipment. The specific process of constructing the protocol module includes the steps of: constructing execution codes of protocols corresponding to an operating system, thereby forming the protocol modules; and defining a PDU, i.e., defining the corresponding data length and data structure when each protocol module and another protocol module in the protocol module library are in an input/output relation relative to each other. Based on compatibility of the protocol modules, visual dragging or a configuration file is adopted to establish a relation between the protocol modules to be assembled; and after assembling is completed, a protocol stack configuration file and a protocol stack execution file are generated.