The invention discloses a system and a method for controlling diet in a patient of chronic disease based on human characteristic data; the system and the method are applied to terminal equipment which is integrated on a personal belonging of the patient of chronic disease. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring sign information of the patient from a sign database of a cloud health service platform by virtue of a communication unit so as to determine a disease type; shooting a food image of the patient during current eating by virtue of an image shooting unit and recognizing food characteristic data; according to the food characteristic data, matching food ingredients from a recipe database of the cloud health service platform; judging whether current food eaten by the patient is a taboo food or not according to the disease type and the food ingredients; and when the current food eaten by the patient is the taboo food, projecting an image for reducing appetite of the patient of chronic disease onto the surface of the current food by virtue of a projection unit so as to destroy the appetite of the patient to take the taboo food. The system and the method disclosed by the invention can be used for automatically recognizing the taboo food eaten by the patient of chronic disease and can be used for automatically controlling the patient from taking the taboo food.