The invention provides a dry distillation furnace and a combustion chamber of the dry distillation furnace. The heating uniformity on carbonization chambers by the combustion chamber can be improved, so that the heated uniformity of coal layers in the carbonization chambers can be improved, and meanwhile the stability of partition walls between the combustion chamber of the dry distillation furnace and the carbonization chambers is improved. The carbonization chambers are arranged on the two sides of the combustion chamber; heat conducting partition walls are arranged between the carbonization chambers and the combustion chamber; the cross section of the combustion chamber is fan-shaped; a plurality of first partition walls distributed in the radial direction at intervals and a wedge-shaped wall are arranged in the combustion chamber, so that the combustion chamber is divided into a plurality of cavity passages, and the overall stability of the combustion chamber is increased; nozzles are arranged at the bottoms of the cavity passages, and are communicated with recycled coal gas and oxidant gas. Compared with the combustion chamber with larger space, the heating uniformity of the cavity passages are better and are also easier to control, then heat transfer uniformity of the carbonization chambers can be improved, and the coal layers in the carbonization chambers are heated more uniformly; two sides of the first partition walls are connected with the heat conducting partition walls on the two sides of the combustion chamber or the wedge-shaped wall, so that the heat conducting partition walls can be additionally supported, and the strength and the stability of the heat conducting partition walls can be improved.