The invention relates to the field of reverse construction method construction equipment, in particular to a reverse construction method steel stand column positioning device. The device comprises an operating platform and a positioning mechanism; the positioning mechanism is fixedly installed under the operating platform, vertically fixedly connected with the operating platform and used for positioning a steel stand column; the positioning mechanism comprises a steel protecting cylinder which is mounted at the top of a hole of a slurry protective wall cast-in-place pile and at least two groups of channel steel; the first group of channel steel which limits the steel stand column in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction is arranged at the top of the steel stand column, and the second group of channel steel which limits the steel stand column in the horizontal direction is arranged in the last position of the steel stand column and below the first group of channel steel; the two groups of channel steel are combined to limit the perpendicular degree of the steel stand column; all the channel steel is fixed to the inner wall of the steel protecting cylinder. The reverse construction method steel stand column positioning device which is higher in adaptability and accuracy, lower in cost and capable of reducing subsequent construction difficulty is provided. The invention further discloses a reverse construction method steel stand column positioning method.